Current Electricity For Best Physics GTU Book Material | Class 12 Current Electricity Note one click download

current electricity
• concept of charge
• coulomb's inverse square law
• ϵ₀ (permittivity)
• electric field
• intensity potential and potential difference
• ohm's law

current electricity

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electric charge

definition for electric charge

the property of a proton or an electron, which gives rise to electrostatic force between them is called electric charge.

generally atoms made with electrons and electron made frome proton nutron

note:- more content for quark download note

we considered smallest partical of an atom but after research we know that proton and nutron made frome quark

electric charge of proton

electron there are three types of charge
1) proton : (+) positive charge
2) electron : (-) negative charge
3) Nutron : 0 nutral

proton 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹
electron -1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹
if we put two same type of charge in electric field, produced repulsive force

for example proton, proton and electron, electron

if we put two same types of charges in electric field, produced attractive force
for example proton,electron

electric charge unit :- C or As

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coulomb's inverse square law

coulomb's law statement :

in this figure two electron q₁ and q₂ and distance between them is r²

the force of attraction between this two charges is directly proportional to the product of this charge and inversely proportional to square of distance.

F ∝ q₁`\cdot q₂` ------(1)
F ∝ `\frac{1}{r²}` -------(2)
according to equation 1 or 2
F ∝ `\frac{q₁\cdot q₂}{r²}`

F = `\frac{kq₁\cdot q₂}{ r²}`

where
q₁ and q₂ = electric charge on electro
r² = distance between two electron
k = coulomb's constant
k is also defined as k =`\frac{1}{4πϵ₀}` and it's values is 9×10⁹
ϵ₀ is known as permittivit

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ϵ₀(permittivit)

value of ϵ₀ is 8.854 × 10⁻¹²c²N⁻¹m⁻² ϵ₀ is also known as K
dimension
K = `\frac{N\cdot m²}{C²}`
= `\frac{[M¹L¹T⁻²][l²]}{[T²A²]}`
= M¹L³T⁻⁴A⁻²

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electric field

electric force per unit charge is called electric field
electric field is vector quantityes
direction of electric field is positive to negative charge
E= `\frac{f}{q}`
unit:-`\frac{N}{C}`
Dimensions:-
`\frac{M¹L¹T⁻¹}{ T¹A¹}`
= M¹L¹T⁻¹A⁻¹
E = `\frac{kq}{r²}`

direction of electric field

q > 0

q < 0

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intensity potential and potential difference

what is potential

one charge generate electric field when charge under the electric field then applied force on a charge and when we applied force then substance displace and its called work means potential

potential difference :-


work against direction of electric field its called potential difference
explanation

amount of work done in moving a unit positive charge from one point to other point against the electrostatic force

V = Vʙ-Vᴀ
= `\frac{Wᴀʙ}{q₀}`

unit
volt or JC⁻¹

volt is scalar quantity
defination of 1 volt

if work done required to move the cgarge of 1 C against the electrostatic force is one Joule then the potential is one volt

in 1828 a German physicists a george Simon ohm established the relationship between voltage and current known as ohm's law

any electrical substance made and complete with voltage, current, resistance. ohm's give us relationship between them

I ∝ V
I = `\frac{1}{R} \cdot v`
I = `\frac{v}{R}`
V = IR
wher;
I = current
R = resistance
V = potential difference
unit :

`\frac{V}{A}` also known as ohm(Ω)

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